Scaling instruments fall into the general categories of:Ĭhisel Scaler or Push Scaler (Guy’s G1 or G2, Cushings or Watch-Spring) Whether it is a universal or area/tooth specific instrument. Whether it is to be used for supragingival or subgingival instrumentation Each instrument is designed for use in a specific area of the mouth. There are many groups of instruments that are used for scaling procedures. Powered instruments (sonic scalers, ultrasonic scalers and air-abrasive devices). The instruments used for periodontal non-surgical management can be divided into of two main categories: OutcomeĪfter reading this chapter the reader should be able to identify the various types of instruments and have an understanding of the purpose of each periodontal instrument, and its advantages and disadvantages in different situations. The aim of this chapter is to describe a range of instruments used for the non-surgical management of periodontal disease. Additionally, regular appointments give your periodontist the chance to inspect your teeth and gums and to identify any early warning signs of calculus or of gum disease.Chapter 3 Instruments and Instrumentation Aim However, if you have difficulty effectively removing the plaque before it turns into calculus, you may benefit from more frequent cleanings in order to prevent the formation of pockets and bone loss. Of course, it is also important to see your dentist or periodontist on a regular basis.įor patients who have never had periodontitis, regular cleanings every six months by a dental hygienist are usually sufficient to remove any plaque you may be missing during your home care routine. There are many tools available that claim to remove plaque, but the most simple and effective techniques are effective brushing and flossing. Antimicrobial mouthwashes can also help minimize or slow down the build-up of plaque and calculus. Specifically, patients should brush their teeth at least twice daily and floss at least once daily. A good oral care routine can go a long way.
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This means keeping your teeth free of any plaque build-up. The best remedy for dental calculus is to prevent it from forming in the first place. This is because there is often little or no pain while this is occurring, and the only indication that anything is wrong might be a little bleeding when you are cleaning your teeth. It might be surprising to learn that this process can continue for several months and even years, undetected. The longer the inflammation continues, the more destruction it causes, including deterioration of the actual bone around the teeth. Periodontitis is the result of chronic inflammation of the gum around the teeth. Instead, it is the body’s natural reaction to prolonged bacterial build-up on the tooth surface. It is important to understand that periodontitis is not an infection of the gums. This is what dental calculus looks like on a tooth root.
When the gums become so inflamed for a long period of time and begin forming pockets, it turns into a form of gum disease called “periodontitis.” Then the newly formed pocket becomes filled with plaque, which forms into calculus, and the process continues until it has extended deep under the gum tissue. If left untreated, this inflammation causes the gum tissue to weaken and pull away from the tooth itself, causing a pocket to form. When gingivitis develops as a result, it is the body’s way of letting us know something is not right. The presence of dental calculus is an indication that bacterial plaque has been accumulating in the same position for several days or weeks. What exactly makes dental calculus so dangerous?
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This process is referred to as gingivitis and is usually reversible with a thorough professional dental cleaning. Gum tissue can begin to swell, become tender and red, and often bleeds easily. The longer this process continues, the more advanced the inflammation becomes. The longer the calculus remains, the more species of bacteria live on it, and some can be so irritating to the gum tissue that they begin to become inflamed. The hardened surface quickly becomes coated with more biofilm and plaque, and begins to enlarge. When the plaque is not effectively removed with daily brushing and flossing, it begins to harden and cling tighter onto the tooth. Within the plaque, colonies of bacteria form a sticky biofilm, that absorbs nutrients and minerals from the food you eat as well as from your saliva. Dental calculus is a result of accumulated bacterial plaque.īacterial plaque forms on all surfaces of a tooth that is exposed to saliva, but it can easily be removed with brushing and flossing.
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